The importance of a healthy lifestyle for a breast cancer patient?

 Exercise is allowed and recommended. Both weight gain and the use of recreational drugs may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence.

The benefits of exercise

Exercise improves physical performance and quality of life in people of all ages. Sufficient and versatile exercise can increase muscle strength and joint mobility and improve the condition of the respiratory and circulatory system. Exercise is allowed and recommended both during and after cancer treatments. Exercise does not increase the occurrence of upper extremity edema. Exercise is also an important part of weight management together with healthy nutrition. In addition, exercise slows down bone loss and can thereby prevent fractures. Any type of regular exercise has a positive effect on mood, improves self-image and reduces possible symptoms of exhaustion and fatigue. According to research, regular exercise can even reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence.

Exercise during chemotherapy and radiotherapy

After surgery and during the period of chemotherapy, exercise tolerance is usually reduced, which must be taken into account when planning an exercise program. Training should always take place according to one’s own resources. On the treatment days, it is recommended to only do light exercise such as walking or just rest, but once the acute side effects have subsided, you can move within the limits of your own health. Exercise should feel good.

Endurance fitness

Endurance fitness can be improved by exercising several days a week for a total of at least 2 hours 30 minutes briskly or 1 hour 15 minutes strenuously (breathing and sweating). With more strenuous endurance exercise, you can more precisely develop a certain aspect of your health, such as the health of the heart and circulatory system. Vigorous everyday exercise (e.g. walking to the store), beneficial exercise and commuting exercise also have a positive effect on health.

Muscle condition and joint mobility

Exercise that improves muscle condition and movement control should be practiced twice a week. Muscle condition and movement control exercises strengthen the musculoskeletal system.

Upper limb mobility exercises should be done daily to maintain and improve shoulder joint mobility and muscle flexibility. You can use a stick or dumbbells to help.

Exercises targeting the upper body, such as swimming, rowing or muscle fitness training, may well be part of the training program. If swelling or a tendency to swelling of the upper limb occurs as a result of surgery and treatments, it is recommended to use compression products when exercising. Exercise can be safely practiced within the limits allowed by the symptoms. It is good to start training gradually, increasing the load step by step. If the swelling increases or the hand hurts from training, the training program should be lightened.

Exercise and prevention of bone loss

Osteoporosis is a normal event associated with aging. In women, menopause is accompanied by an additional phase of rapid bone loss that lasts from three to eight years. Part of the adjuvant treatment for breast cancer accelerates bone loss. Cytoblockers often cause temporary or permanent (for those near menopause) missed periods. Even if menses return, it is common for menopause to come earlier, followed by earlier accelerated bone loss and an increased risk of fractures. The anti-estrogen tamoxifen protects against bone loss in postmenopausal women, but slightly increases bone loss in younger women. Aromatase inhibitors expose you to bone loss and slightly increase the risk of bone fractures.

Bone condition can be influenced by lifestyle choices. It is important to curb bone loss and prevent falls. Exercise slows down bone loss and improves muscle condition and balance. Good balance, on the other hand, reduces falls. In terms of slowing down bone loss and preventing fractures, the important things are exercise that puts stress on the bones, for example walking, walking with a pole, running, gym training and jogging. In the prevention of fractures, the versatility of the exercise, the performances that require skill and balance (for example jogging) are important.

Healthy nutrition and weight control

Breast cancer drug treatments are associated with weight gain, and it is good to keep in mind the effort to control weight during the treatments as well. A healthy diet and exercise are key to weight management. According to research, significant weight gain can slightly increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence.

A vegetarian and low-fat diet is recommended for breast cancer patients, and according to research, it may reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. There is also research evidence of the effect of eating fatty fish containing omega-3 fatty acids in reducing the risk of breast cancer recurrence.

Sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D should be taken care of. Since breast cancer treatments can accelerate bone loss, you should get about 1,000 mg of calcium and 400 KY (10 μg) of vitamin D from your diet daily. Vitamin D is produced in the skin under the influence of sunlight. During the winter in the Nordic region, you don’t get enough vitamin D from sunlight, so food is then the most important source of vitamin D. Fish is rich in vitamin D, but you can also get it from liquid dairy products to which vitamin D has been added (note: vitamin D is not added to organic products), margarine, and some eggs. Along with the use of aromatase inhibitors, the use of a calcium + vitamin D supplement is most often recommended.

Use of recreational substances

Regular alcohol consumption is a risk factor for breast cancer recurrence. Occasional and low alcohol consumption is hardly harmful in terms of breast cancer risk.

Smoking slightly increases the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Smoking is also harmful to health in many other ways, and it increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and bone fractures and, especially in combination with radiation therapy, the risk of lung cancer. Quitting smoking is always worth it and leads to significant health benefits

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